Joann A. Gapuzan
Divine Word College of Laoag
Introduction:
Martin
Heidegger became
one of the most influential philosophers of existentialism, the sphere of philosophy
that questions human existence and our responsibilities as free and independent
beings in the world. (Krook, J., 2021)
Heidegger was
born on September 26, 1889, in Meßkirch, a small village in what has long been
referred to as a "Catholic country." From 1903 to 1909, he attended
public secondary schools in Constance and Freiburg with the help of Camillo
Brandhuber, the pastor of the local church where his father served as
sacristan. During his stay at the two "humanistic" gymnasiums,
Heidegger recalls learning "fruitfully from excellent teachers of Greek,
Latin, and German."(Dahlstrom, D.,
2011)
Martin Heidegger taught philosophy at Freiburg University (1915–23),
Marburg University (1923–8), and again at Freiburg University (1928–45). Early
in his career, he came under the influence of Edmund Husserl, but he soon broke
away to fashion his own philosophy. (Thomas, S.,2024)
Nonetheless,
Heidegger’s essay, Origin of the Work of Art (based upon his first public
lectures after resigning as rector), marks a key transition in his thinking. On
the one hand, as he attests, the essay is motivated by the same question of
being motivated by Being and Time (BT). Moreover, a central theme, namely,
that the artwork is the happening of truth as the unhiddenness of beings (thus,
supposing hiddenness), reprises but also revises his BT account of Dasein as
the primordial “place” the “clearing” of truth. (Dahlstrom, D., 2011)
The Wisdom of Dasein
The
term Dasei refers both to human beings and to the type of being that humans have.
The root meaning of the noun is “being
there”. According to Heidegger, the primary objective of the phenomenology of
Dasein is hermeneutic in the primordial signification of this word, where it
designates this business of interpreting. It is through this interpretation the
authentic meaning of Being, and also those basic structures of Being which
Dasein itself possesses, are made known to Dasein’s understanding of Being. (Sabrine,
A.)
Thus, Dasein is then not a disembodied, transcendent being, but rather
the experience of being that is peculiar to human beings, an inherently social
being that already operates with a pre-theoretical grasp of the a priori structures
that make possible particular modes of Being. (Eternalised,2021)
Furthermore,
Heidegger says that Dasein understands itself in its being. Another feature
that distinguishes Dasein from other entities is the fact that it is a
being in the world. Dasein finds itself
in the world, but in a very different way than the other entities in it. (Sabrine, A.)
Therefore, the primary way that people interact with the outside
world is through their Dasein. Humans actively interact with the world; they
are not passive objects within it, and this interaction shapes their perception
of it. Furthermore, Heidegger emphasizes the notion that people are always
positioned inside particular circumstances that have an impact on how well they
interact with the outside world. Dasein's awareness of its own existence is one of its most
important qualities. Dasein has the singular capacity to consider its own
existence. This self-awareness goes beyond a purely intellectual exercise; it
has a significant impact on how Dasein interacts with the outside world. For
instance, Heidegger contends that when Dasein is confronted with its own
mortality, anxiety develops. This feeling of anxiousness actively changes
Dasein's way of interacting with the outside world; it is not only a
psychological state. (Laghari,
R,2023)
Being
in the world can be understood concerning awareness in the following ways:
A. Intentionality:
Consciousness frequently demonstrates intentionality, which means it is focused on certain things or situations in the outside world. Being aware of something, perceiving it, thinking about it, wanting it, and acting on it are all aspects of our conscious experiences. We can interact with the outside world thanks to consciousness, which also enables us to be aware of our surroundings and our own existence.
B. A
Phenomenological Viewpoint:
The focus
of phenomenology as a philosophical strategy is on the individual experiences
of consciousness. With a focus on the first-person perspective, it investigates
how consciousness shapes our perception of the outside world. Phenomenology
explores the numerous ways that consciousness is experienced and how it shapes
our perception of who we are and how the world works.
C. Temporality:
Time is essential to both
our existence and how we interact with the outside world. Our experiences and
perceptions of the world are impacted by past, present, and future temporal
aspects since we are always located in a certain temporal setting.
D. Embodiment:
Our
physique shapes how we interact with the outside world and how we exist. Our
bodies are the tools we use to see, act with, and engage with the world around
us. Our bodily experiences and capacities have an impact on how we perceive the
world and how we react to it.
E. Embodied
Awareness:
Some
viewpoints place a strong emphasis on the embodied component of consciousness,
viewing it as inextricably linked to our bodily functions and senses. Our
conscious awareness of ourselves and the outside environment is influenced by
our body's experiences and sensations. It is believed that awareness interacts
with the physical world and molds our perceptions and behaviors through the
physical body.
F. Spatiality:
We are
also fundamentally bound to a certain spatial setting. We move through and
interact with the world in spatial terms, seeing things and places and being
impacted by our surroundings' physical and geographical features.
G. Contextual
awareness:
Additionally,
consciousness is positioned in a particular setting and shaped by the cultural,
social, and historical elements that define our existence. Our conscious
experiences are intricately entwined with the meanings, standards, and customs
of the environment in which we live.
H. Sociality:
Fundamentally, human existence is social. Within social frameworks, which include cultural norms, language, institutions, and interpersonal connections, we function and interact with others. Social influences and our relationships with others have an impact on how we perceive the environment.
I. Concern & Care:
Heidegger
emphasizes that the idea of caring (Sorge) is a core component of Dasein. Care
describes our ongoing and pre-reflective engagement with the world, where we
are worried about many things, endeavors, and our own existence. How we
perceive and interact with the world around us is shaped by our worries and
anxieties.
J. Existentialism:
The
philosophical philosophy known as existentialism places a strong emphasis on
personal existence, freedom, accountability, and the meaning of life. It
examines issues related to human existence, decisions, authenticity, and the
pursuit of meaning in a world that is unreliable and frequently ludicrous.
K. Being-in-the-World:
This
phrase is related to Heidegger's Dasein philosophy. The concept of
"Being-in-the-World" describes the close relationship between human
existence (Dasein) and the environment in which it takes place. It highlights
the fact that we interact with the world in a variety of ways and are always
located inside a particular context.
L. Authenticity:
According
to existentialism, authenticity is the quality of being true to oneself and
acting following one's personal principles. It entails accepting
freedom, accepting accountability for one's decisions, and rejecting false or
artificial identities.
M. Consciousness:
An intricate, multifaceted feature of human existence
Consciousness, a complex and multidimensional aspect of human existence, is commonly considered in the context of "Being in the world." Although Martin Heidegger’s concept of Dasein does not expressly address awareness, other philosophical perspectives and scientific advancements have examined the relationship between consciousness and our existence in the cosmos. It's
important to keep in mind that ongoing
philosophical and scientific studies on
the nature of consciousness and how it
pertains to human existence are being
conducted. A wide range of interpretations
are offered by many philosophical
systems, and disciplines like cognitive science and neuroscience also aid in our understanding of consciousness.
Conclusion
Martin Heidegger’s Dasein gives a sole perspective on the life of humans and the essence of existing in this world. Dasein describes the importance of man with the world. Dasein includes the ability to involve with the outside world, with concern, care, intentionality, and self-awareness. Dasein also emphasizes that man should not forget his authenticity.
In this philosophy of Martin Heidegger’s Dasein, the purpose
of humans in this world is not to become passive but to contribute to the common
good and participate in the
betterment of the people around them.
Becoming a teacher does not end only by transferring ideas and
knowledge to learners, but guiding and helping them unleash their potentials
and skills that can contribute to solving different problems in our society.
Our Dasein now is to let our learners fully realize their Dasein to the world
in a way that they are authentic from others. And that I believe even if we
die, we have no worries because we surely leave behind a remarkable impact on
our students. We can say that we participate, we are involved and have a contribution
to humanity and we will be remembered forever.
References:
Eternalized ( 2021, January 28): Dasein and Being-in-the-world-Heidegger https://eternalisedofficial.com/2021/01/28/dasein-being-in-the-world/
Dahlstrom,V.(2011,May31).Martin Heidegger: https://www.bu.edu/philo/files/2019/09/d-martin-heidegger.pdf
Hussain, A., ( 2023, October) What is Philosophy https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355425176_What_is_Philosophy_By_Abid_Hussain
Krook, J. ( 2021, November 16). The Philosophy of Martin Heidegger: https://newintrigue.com/2021/11/16/the-world-according-to-martin-heidegger/
Laghari, R., (2023, June 11) Human Existence as “ Being There”
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/dasein-martin-heidegger-human-existence-being-riaz- laghari
Sabrine, Chapter 35:The Ontology of Dasein and the Concept of Truth https://www.academia.edu/35511449/Chapter_35_Martin_Heidegger_The_Ontology_of_ Dasein_and_the_Concept_of_Truth
Thomas, S.,(2024)Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/biographical/heidegger-martin-1889-1976/v-1
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